MTC认证是指中国移动通信集团有限公司（China Mobile Communications Group Co., Ltd.）对各类移动通信终端设备进行认证的一种标准。通过MTC认证的设备将符合中国移动网络的技术和质量要求，可以在中国移动网络上正常运行和使用。本文将介绍MTC认证的要求和流程，以及申请所需的文件。
MTC认证的要求包括技术要求和质量要求。技术要求主要包括：设备需要支持中国移动网络的技术标准，例如GSM、CDMA2000、TD-SCDMA、LTE等；设备需要与中国移动网络进行兼容性测试，并通过测试结果；设备的性能需要达到中国移动的要求，包括信号质量、通信速率、通信稳定性等；设备需要支持中国移动网络的相关特性，例如4G VoLTE、5G SA/NSA、电子SIM卡等。质量要求主要包括：设备需要符合相关国家和行业的安全标准和规定；设备需要符合相关的电磁兼容性、辐射安全、产品环境适应性等要求；设备需要具备符合中国移动网络的软硬件防护机制。
MTC的全称是Mill test certificate，也被称为工厂测试证书或者材质质量证书，是金属行业使用的一种质量保证文件，用于证明材料的化学和物理特性，并说明由金属（钢、铝、黄铜或其他合金）制成的产品符合guojibiaozhun组织（如 ANSI、ASME 等）的特定标准。
MTC证书可以是由生产厂家开具，也可以通过第三方检测机构开具。如果没有MTC证书，海关会索要以下证明材料（可能全要，也可能只要一部分）：
✦发票✦箱单✦质量证书（CE证书）✦长期供应商声明（证明自己货物的材料长期都是从非俄罗斯供应的）✦证明成本的文件和生产商的文件✦出口报关单✦工厂的生产说明✦销售合同（证明货物不是来源于俄罗斯）
注意：海关不接受Coo非优惠原产地证书作为证明材料。
比较为难贸易商的是，如果提供钢厂的MTC, 可能就泄露工厂信息
从10月1日起，欧盟海关将严格检查所有申报HS代码为7323、7326等含有金属的货物。这一举措主要针对俄罗斯金属出口贸易的制裁，所有进口国家的金属相关产品必须提供MTC（Material Transfer Certificate）证书，证明产品材料的来源并非源自俄罗斯。
俄乌冲突后，欧盟强烈地谴责俄罗斯对乌克兰的无端和无理的军事侵略，并开展了欧盟历史上最大规模的一揽子制裁计划。其中，受制裁的俄罗斯产品包括：
✦原油（自2022年12月起）和精炼石油产品（自2023年2月起），有限的例外情况除外
✦煤炭和其他固体化石燃料
✦钢、钢制品和铁
✦黄金，包括珠宝
✦水泥、沥青、木材、纸张、合成橡胶和塑料
✦海产品和酒（如鱼子酱、伏特加酒）
✦香烟和化妆品
如何应对这一进口清关政策？
1.使用72-83 目录类的HS编码申报的产品，必须提供相关的MTC证书。
2.没有使用72-83 目录类的HS编码申报的产品，但是品名明显体现金属材质的产品（例如电动剃须刀，订书机，缝纫机等），也必须提供相关的MTC证书。
3.没有使用72-83 目录类的HS编码申报的产品，品名也没有明显体现金属材质，但是实际含有金属配件的产品（例如支架，遥控玩具等），无需在清关时提供MTC证书。但是产品如果遇到查验，则需要补交MTC证书。
注意：申请注册的MTC证书需要检测机构特别注明材料来源，一定非源自俄罗斯。
详情可见： https://www.customssupport.com/insights/sanctions-russian-iron-and-steel
英国详见：https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/notice-to-importers-2953-russia-import-sanctions/guidance-on-third-country-processed-iron-and-steel-measures
UK prohibition（英国措施）
From September 30, 2023, UK persons will be prohibited from importing an iron and steel product into the UK, where it:
1. is listed in Schedule 3B of the UK’s Russia (Sanctions)(EU Exit) Regulations 2019 (the UK Regulations);
2. has been “altered, transformed in any way; or subjected to any type of operation or process” in a third country; and
3. incorporates one or more Schedule 3B iron and steel products of Russian origin.
Schedule 3B contains a list of products with HTS / CN codes falling within Chapter 72 (predominantly primary metals) and Chapter 73 (predominantly basic tubes / shapes).
Associated prohibitions will also apply with respect to the provision of technical assistance, financial services and funds, and brokering services in relation the prohibited goods.
The UK Government has stated in guidance that, since the measure was first published in April 2023, there will be no exceptions or transitional period. There is the ability for traders to apply for a license, with the UK Government indicating that the import of iron and steel that left Russia before 21 April 2023 may be eligible.
The UK Government has further stated that traders should be prepared to have documentation available to demonstrate their compliance with the new prohibitions, which may include, but is not limited to, a Mill Test Certificate (MTC) or Mill Test Certificates (MTCs) where the relevant information cannot be summarized in a single document.
EU prohibition（欧盟措施）
The EU is similarly introducing a prohibition on the direct or indirect import or purchase, from September 30, 2023, of iron and steel products listed in Annex XVII to Regulation (EC) 833/2014 (Regulation 833) when processed in a third country incorporating iron and steel products originating in Russia as listed in Annex XVII. Annex XVII similarly contains products with HTS / CN codes falling within Chapters 72 and 73.
Associated prohibitions on the provision of technical assistance, brokering services, financing or financial assistance, and insurance and re-insurance will also apply with respect to the prohibited goods.
Unlike the UK, the EU has implemented a staggered implementation period, with longer implementation windows for products with certain Russian-origin inputs (as per the table below).
CN Codes Implementation Time Period
Chapters 72 and 73 generally September 30, 2022
7207.11 April 1, 2024
7207.12.10 7224.90 October 1, 2024
Further, the EU has prescribed in Regulation 833 that, at the moment of importation, importers shall provide evidence of the country of origin of the iron and steel inputs used for the processing of the product in a third country. In guidance, the European Commission has stated that MTCs may be considered as sufficient evidence of the inputs’ origin. However, customs authorities may require any additional evidence for the different transformation steps which the product has gone under.
Although EU Member States have the ability to grant trade licenses to authorize otherwise prohibited imports, these are on more targeted grounds, namely for civil nuclear and medical applications.
Implications for businesses
The new prohibitions, and associated evidentiary requirements to demonstrate compliance, are likely to be time-consuming and challenging not only for importers who face the direct compliance obligation but also their suppliers from whom they would need to obtain the relevant evidence of origin. This will be a particular challenge for finished products which have undergone multiple stages of processing in one or more third countries.
