一、正、反循环钻机的用途及技术性能
1.ZFJ-2000型正反循环钻机，是综合了多个功能为一体的回旋钻机，它体现了一机多用途的新技术。是理想的成孔机械，行走方式有液压步履式，车载式，履带式，拖车式多种机型，使该机的使用性更强，操作更灵活，方便可靠。该机在地层的多变性上，可随时根据地层快速改变钻孔工法（正反循环）。钻速在0-45转/分，很好的解决了钻速要求。因此该机更适合流沙，淤泥，粘土，石卵石，砂砾层，风化岩等多种复杂地层的施工。被广泛应用在建筑，桥梁，水利，水井，电力，电讯，工程降水等工程施工中。
One、The use and technical performance of a positive and reverse circulation drilling rig
1.ZFJ-2000 type reverse circulation drilling machine，Is integrated with multiple functions as one of the rotary drilling rig，It embodies the new technology of a machine.Is an ideal pore forming machine，Walking method has hydraulic walking type，Vehicle mounted, crawler type, Trailer type,Make the machine more use,The operation is more flexible, convenient and reliable.This machine is in the variable of formation.May at any time according to the formation change fast drilling method 。In addition, The machine has four speeds。Therefore, this machine is more suitable for sand, silt, clay, stone pebbles, gravel, and other weathered rock complex stratum construction.Is widely used in construction, bridges, water conservancy, water wells, electricity,telecommunications, engineering and other construction projects.
钻机参数
|
钻孔直径（m） |
500---3000 |
|
钻孔深度（m） |
0-200 |
|
主轴功率（kw） |
22*2 |
|
主机转速（r/min） |
无极变速（0-50转/分之间任意调节） |
|
大泵动力（kw） |
37 |
|
小泵动力（kw） |
22 |
|
主卷扬动力（kw） |
15 |
|
主卷扬提升力（kn/m） |
90 |
|
油泵动力（kw） |
7.5 |
|
小副卷扬动力（kw) |
0.8 |
|
主机最大扭矩（kn/m） |
23 |
|
总功率（kw） |
118.6 |
|
外形尺寸 |
4500*2200*8000 |
|
总质量（kg） |
143000 |
二、钻机的构造
ZFJ-2000型钻机是正反循环钻机，由YVF-22KW-6变频电机、变频器、减速机，正、反循环泥浆泵、阀门、液压油泵、油缸、主卷扬、副卷扬、配电箱、钻架、钻杆、钻头组成。
1.电动机.主动力电机为YVF变频电机，其余为Y系列普通电机。
2.减速机为四轴三级正齿轮减速，配合变频电机可以做0-80赫兹的变换达到无极变速的目的，可根据施工孔径，地层变换主轴转速。
Two, the structure of drilling rig
ZFJ-2000 type drilling machine is a positive and negative circulation drilling machine，By YD multi speed motor, reducer, positive, reverse circulation mud pumps, valves, hydraulic pump, cylinder, main hoist, vice winch, distribution box, drill frame, drill pipe, drill bit.
1 、Drive motor is YD series of multi speed variable speed motor
2、 reducer for the four shaft three gear reduction, can be used to transform the gear speed, divided into four kinds of speed.
三、工作原理
1.钻机的油压系统均由油泵将压力油泵通过管道经多路阀控制，根据需要在送达各执行机构，使它完成各项动作。
2.减速机将动力经变速传至输出轴，带动钻杆和钻头进行回旋运动，完成正转（顺时针方向）进行切削工作，（反转做卸钻杆时用）正常钻孔中禁止反转。（反转会引起掉钻杆，钻头事故）
3.正、反循环的操作：
3.1在施工中如遇到地层或洗井原因需要更换钻孔工法时，其操作步骤是，以正循环为例，操作液压手柄，关闭大泥浆泵上的压阀，启动3PNL小泥浆泵，水经管道经大泵、钻杆、进入钻尖底部，使孔中的切削泥渣被水流托起顺井管流到沉淀池。经沉淀水又进入3PNL泥浆泵，形成循环。
反循环工法，主机旋转，关闭大泵阀门，启动3PNL浆泵，给大浆泵灌泵，使空气排空，启动大浆泵同时开启阀门，关闭3PNL浆泵，大泵出水正常就可正常工作。（如果钻杆中的空气未排空，或有地方漏气，将影响大泵出水）。正反循环可随时互换。同时反循环可做正循环钻孔完成清孔（清除沉淀）工作。
3.2钻机的下笼及灌灰
桩孔完成后，提出钻杆，钻头，钻机同时向后移动合适的位置，视机架上副额头吊钩对准桩孔中心为准，同时卷扬就可下笼和灌注商品灰。
Three, working principle
1 the hydraulic system of the drilling machine is controlled by the multi way valve of the pressure pump through the pipeline, and it is required to be served on the executive body, so that it can complete the action.
2.The reducer will power transmission is transmitted to the output shaft, drive drill and cyclotron motion, complete forward (clockwise) carry on the work of cutting and (reversal unloading the drill pipe) in normal drilling ban reversal (reversal will cause the drop of drill pipe, drill bit accident)
3.positive and reverse circulation operation:
3.1 in construction such as encountered strata or clear hole and need replacing the positive and reverse circulation, take the positive cycle, for example, hydraulic operation handle large mud pump pressure valve closed, start small 3pnl mud pump, mud through a pipeline, after pump, drill pipe, into the bottom of the bit, mud by water hold up along the pipeline flow into the mud pool. After precipitation of water into the 3PNL mud pump, the formation of circulation.
四、钻机的安全操作规程
1.本机操作人员，必须经过培训，应熟练掌握操作机构和熟悉安全操作规程方能上机操作。严禁酒后上机操作。
2.开机前，应对钻机及配套设备进行检查，特别应注意检查各卷扬机的刹车是否灵活可靠，钢丝绳是否有断丝断股现象，待确认完好后，方可开机工作。
3.现场工作人员，必须穿绝缘鞋和配戴安全帽。
4.拆装钻杆时应集中精力，及时清除钻杆螺纹上面的异物，并加少许机油，可减少钻杆的损坏和漏气的发生。
5.操作人员应坚持交接制度，交班时应向接班者交代清楚钻机的工作情况和隐患，如有异常应处理后方可工作。
Four, drilling rig safety operating procedures
1 this machine operator must be trained, should be familiar with the operating mechanism and familiar with the safe operating procedures to operate on the machine.
2、 before starting the machine, should drilling rig and ancillary equipment were examined in particular should pay attention to check the windlass brake is flexible and reliable, whether the rope is broken wire breaking phenomenon, to be confirmed that the intact, start working.
3、field staff must wear insulated shoes, wear safety helmet.
4、When removing the drill pipe energy should be concentrated, pay attention to remove the foreign matter on the drill pipe thread, drill pipe joints a little oil, can reduce the occurrence of drill pipe damage and leakage.
五、钻机的使用与保养
1.经常检查主机的卷扬油位，发现缺油应及时添加，定期更换主机机油，向卷扬机，泵内注油。
2.接场地电源时要注意相差，大泵不可反转。
3.工作中，应随时监视电器仪表，倾听各各运转部件响声，如突发异常声音，应停机检查，不可让设备带病作业，紧固件不可松动。
4.液压手柄操作时，应先慢后快（视场地情况定）如操作过快会损坏设备和发生危险
5.钻进速度根据地层变化而变化，视反循环泵的出水状况（出水流量大，可快进，水量小要慢进或停进）。同时要控制泥浆比重，在额定电流范围内，慢慢钻进。
6.经常检查油管及接头是否漏油，油箱缺油，如缺油油缸有爬行现象。
7.钻机长时间停用，应将所有油缸收回，或用防锈油包好，防止生锈和损坏。
8.钻机累计进尺达五千米时，应进行保养维修。
Five, the use and maintenance of drilling rig
1.found that the lack of oil should be added in time, regular replacement of oil to the host, hoist, pump oil.
2 .In the construction site, check the pump can not be reversed。
3 .work, should be at any time to monitor the instrument, to listen to the operation of the various parts of the sound, such as sudden abnormal sound, should be shut down inspection, whether the loosening of screws.
4. hydraulic handle operation, should first slow fast (depending on the location of the site). If the operation is too fast will damage the equipment and the risk of
5. The drilling speed according to the stratigraphic changes varies, depending on the pump reverse circulation of water (water flow, high, fast forward, a small amount of water to slow or stop). At the same time to control the proportion of mud, in the current range of rated current, and slowly drilling.
6 .often check whether the oil pipe and the joint oil leakage, the fuel tank is short of oil, such as the lack of oil cylinder crawling phenomenon.
7 drill rig, long time not to use, should be all the supporting legs of the oil cylinder to recover, or with anti rust oil package, prevent rust and damage.
8 drilling depth of five thousand meters, should carry out maintenance and repair.
六、配电系统
1.配电箱是ZFJ-2000钻机的配套设备，它适用于额定电压380V,频率80HZ,三相交流供电电网。
2.使用条件
A.空气温度不大于85%
B.海拔高度不超过1000米
C.网络电压波动不大于-5%--+5%
3.箱体采用户外式结构，进出线均设在箱体底部。
场地电源接好后，合上漏保开关，控制按钮即可正常工作（确认电机旋转方向后）。
Six, power distribution system
1. The distribution box is supporting equipment zfj-1500 rig for to the rated voltage 380V, frequency 80Hz, three-phase AC power supply.
2. Using conditions
A.air temperature not greater than 85%
B.sea level height of not more than 1000 meters
C. network voltage fluctuation is less than -5% of the +5%.
D.After the site power is connected, close the leakage protection switch, the control button can work normally (confirm the motor rotation direction)
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